What is central lung cancer
Central lung cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the central area of the lung, mainly originating from the main bronchi, lobar bronchi or segmental bronchi. It is a common type of lung cancer, as opposed to peripheral lung cancer. Central lung cancer usually has more obvious early symptoms, but due to its special location, treatment is more difficult. This article will combine the hot topics and hot content on the Internet in the past 10 days to provide you with a detailed analysis of the relevant knowledge of central lung cancer.
1. Causes of central lung cancer
The incidence of central lung cancer is related to many factors. The following are the main risk factors:
| risk factors | Description |
|---|---|
| smoking | Long-term smoking is the main cause of central lung cancer, and about 80% of lung cancer patients have a history of smoking. |
| environmental pollution | Long-term exposure to air pollution, industrial waste gas and other environments increases the risk of disease. |
| occupational exposure | People exposed to carcinogens such as asbestos, arsenic, and chromium have higher rates of the disease. |
| genetic factors | People with a family history of lung cancer are at increased risk. |
2. Common symptoms of central lung cancer
Because central lung cancer is close to the main bronchus, the early symptoms are more obvious. The following are common clinical manifestations:
| Symptoms | Description |
|---|---|
| cough | Persistent dry cough or sputum production, drug treatment is not effective. |
| Hemoptysis | Blood in sputum or direct hemoptysis are typical symptoms of central lung cancer. |
| difficulty breathing | Tumors block the airway, causing difficulty in breathing, which worsens after activity. |
| chest pain | Persistent chest pain occurs when the tumor invades the pleura or chest wall. |
| hoarse voice | The tumor compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve causing vocal cord paralysis. |
3. Diagnostic methods of central lung cancer
Early diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of central lung cancer. The following are commonly used diagnostic methods:
| Check method | function |
|---|---|
| Chest X-ray | Preliminary screening can reveal abnormal shadows in the lungs. |
| CT examination | The location, size and relationship of the tumor to surrounding tissues are more clearly displayed. |
| bronchoscopy | Lesions in the airway can be directly observed, and biopsy can be taken for diagnosis. |
| Sputum cytology | Sputum is checked for the presence of cancer cells. |
| PET-CT | Assess tumor metabolic activity and whether there is distant metastasis. |
4. Treatment options for central lung cancer
The treatment of central lung cancer needs to be comprehensively determined based on factors such as tumor stage and patient’s physical condition:
| Treatment | Applicable situations |
|---|---|
| surgical treatment | For early-stage central lung cancer, the tumor and surrounding lymph nodes can be removed. |
| radiation therapy | Inoperable patients, or postoperative adjuvant treatment. |
| chemotherapy | In patients with intermediate and advanced stages, tumors can be reduced and metastasis controlled. |
| targeted therapy | Precision treatment targeting specific genetic mutations. |
| Immunotherapy | Activates the patient's own immune system to attack tumor cells. |
5. Preventive measures for central lung cancer
Preventing central lung cancer requires improving lifestyle and environment:
| Precautions | Specific content |
|---|---|
| quit smoking | Quit smoking completely and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. |
| Improve air quality | Use an air purifier and avoid going out when pollution is high. |
| Occupational protection | Take protective measures when coming into contact with harmful substances. |
| healthy eating | Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and less pickled and grilled foods. |
| Regular physical examination | High-risk groups should undergo annual low-dose CT screening. |
6. Recent hot topics
Combined with the hot discussions on the Internet in the past 10 days, the following are important topics related to central lung cancer:
| hot topics | Main content |
|---|---|
| New technology for early screening | Artificial intelligence-assisted CT reading improves early diagnosis rate. |
| Targeted therapy breakthrough | Progress in the development of new drugs targeting EGFR, ALK and other gene mutations. |
| immunotherapy side effects | How to manage immune-related adverse effects from immunotherapy. |
| postoperative recovery | Postoperative respiratory function exercise methods for patients with central lung cancer. |
| psychological support | The importance of psychological counseling for lung cancer patients and their families. |
Although central lung cancer is more difficult to treat, with the advancement of medical technology, the survival period and quality of life of patients are constantly improving. Understanding relevant knowledge, paying attention to early symptoms, and regular physical examinations are the keys to preventing and treating central lung cancer. If you have relevant symptoms or concerns, it is recommended to seek medical advice promptly and consult a professional doctor.
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